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Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context — Syllabus

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Geography

What Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context covers in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Geography: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

49 questions80 flashcards5 concepts

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A comparison chart illustrating the key differences between sectoral planning and regional planning, including their definitions, focus areas, and objectives in economic development.
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4 Topics · Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Geography · 2026-27

Topics in Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context

1

1. Meaning of Planning and NITI Aayog

  • Planning is the process of thinking, formulating a scheme or programme, and implementing actions to achieve a goal.
  • In economic development, planning is different from hit-and-miss methods because it is organised and goal-oriented.
  • India adopted centralised planning after Independence.
2

2. Approaches to Planning

  • There are two main approaches to planning: sectoral planning and regional planning.
  • Sectoral planning deals with development of different sectors of the economy such as agriculture, irrigation, manufacturing, power, construction, transport, communication, social infrastructure and se
  • Regional planning focuses on reducing spatial or regional imbalance in development.
3

3. Target Area Planning and Special Area Programmes

  • Regional imbalance and social disparity led to target area and target group approaches to planning.
  • Target area programmes were designed for backward or problem regions.
  • Examples of target area programmes are Command Area Development Programme, Drought Prone Area Development Programme, Desert Development Programme and Hill Area Development Programme.
4

4. Hill Area Development Programme

  • Hill Area Development Programmes were initiated during the Fifth Five Year Plan.
  • They covered 15 districts, including hilly districts of Uttar Pradesh, Mikir Hill and North Cachar hills of Assam, Darjeeling district of West Bengal and Nilgiri district of Tamil Nadu.
  • Backward hill areas are those above 600 m height and not covered under tribal sub-plan.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Planning and sustainable development in India as linked processes of economic development, regional balance, social justice, and ecological balance

PlanningCentralised and decentralised planningNITI AayogPlanning CommissionApproaches to planningSectoral planningRegional planningTarget area planning

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Geography?
Key topics in Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context include Meaning of Planning and NITI Aayog, Approaches to Planning, Target Area Planning and Special Area Programmes, Hill Area Development Programme. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 49 practice questions on Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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