Self and Personality — Important Questions

Id, Ego, Superego

Freud proposed that personality consists of three components: Id (pleasure principle), Ego (reality principle), and Superego (moral principle). Libido is the energy that drives the id, and conscious is a level of awareness, not a personality structure.

True

Self-efficacy is indeed a person's belief in their ability to perform behaviors required by a particular situation. This concept was developed by Bandura and is based on social learning theory. People with high self-efficacy feel confident about their capabilities.

Self-observation, Self-instruction, Self-reinforcement

The three main psychological techniques for self-regulation are: self-observation (monitoring one's behavior), self-instruction (giving oneself directions), and self-reinforcement (rewarding oneself for good behavior). Self-denial is not mentioned as a formal technique in this context.

Oral Stage

Freud's psychosexual stages occur in this order: Oral (birth-1 year), Anal (1-3 years), Phallic (3-6 years), Latency (6 years-puberty), and Genital (puberty onwards). Each stage focuses on different erogenous zones and developmental challenges.