Applications of Biotechnology

Insulin is a 51

Insulin is a 51-amino acid hormone with two polypeptide chains (A chain: 21 amino acids, B chain: 30 amino acids) that regulates blood glucose levels.

Alpha lactalbumin is a 123

Alpha lactalbumin is a 123-amino acid protein comprising 25% of human milk proteins, with bactericidal and anti-tumor properties. Through somatic nucl

Interferons are antiviral proteins produced by

Interferons are antiviral proteins produced by mammalian cells in response to viral infection, classified as α, β, and γ types. They stimulate cellula

Modern vaccines produced through rDNA technology

Modern vaccines produced through rDNA technology include three types: (1) Subunit vaccines—using pathogenic organism components (proteins, peptides, D

Gene therapy treats hereditary diseases by

Gene therapy treats hereditary diseases by transferring normal genes into cells carrying mutant alleles. Two strategies exist: (1) Gene augmentation t