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Revision Notes

External Morphology - Plants

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology

Quick revision notes for External Morphology - Plants — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

53 questions25 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Root System

  • Root develops from the radicle of the embryo and is positively geotropic but negatively phototropic.
  • It lacks nodes and internodes and is generally non-green.
  • Functions: Anchorage, absorption of water and minerals, storage, respiration, and nitrogen fixation.
2

Stem and Leaf Morphology

  • Stem develops from the plumule and is the aerial part with nodes and internodes.
  • Functions: Support, conduction, storage, and vegetative propagation.
  • Stem modifications: Rhizome (ginger), tuber (potato), bulb (onion), runner (Cynodon), sucker (mint), tendrils (grapevine), thorns (Bougainvillea), and photosynthetic stems (Opuntia).
3

Flower and Inflorescence

  • Flower is a modified shoot and the reproductive unit of angiosperms.
  • Inflorescence types: Racemose (acropetal), Cymose (basipetal), and Special types (e.g., Ficus).
  • Flower symmetry: Actinomorphic (radial), zygomorphic (bilateral), asymmetric.
4

Plant Families and Economic Importance

  • Fabaceae: Pea family — zygomorphic flowers, papilionaceous corolla, diadelphous stamens, marginal placentation, fruit is a pod.
  • Solanaceae: Potato family — actinomorphic flowers, gamopetalous corolla, epipetalous stamens, bilocular ovary, fruit is berry or capsule.
  • Liliaceae: Lily family — monocotyledonous, trimerous flowers, tepals, superior ovary, axile placentation, fruit is capsule or berry.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

The root is the underground partThe stem is the aerial partLeaves are lateralInflorescence is the arrangement of flowersPlacentation refers to the arrangement

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in External Morphology - Plants for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology?
External Morphology - Plants covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in External Morphology - Plants — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 53 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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