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Food Preservation

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Community Science (Home Science)

Complete topic list for Food Preservation in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Community Science (Home Science). Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.

45 questions30 flashcards4 concepts

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4 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Community Science (Home Science)

Topics in Food Preservation

1

Physical Methods of Food Preservation

  • Pasteurization involves heating food below 100°C to kill harmful microbes while retaining nutritional and sensory qualities.
  • High-Temperature Short-Time (HTST) pasteurization: 71.5°C for 15 seconds (used for milk).
  • Ultra-High Temperature (UHT) pasteurization: 135°C for 1–2 seconds, giving longer shelf life (up to 3 months under refrigeration).
2

Chemical Methods of Food Preservation

  • Chemical preservatives inhibit microbial growth by altering the internal environment of food.
  • Common preservatives include salt, sugar, vinegar, benzoates, sorbates, sulfites, and nitrites.
  • Salt and sugar work by creating hypertonic conditions, causing microbial cells to lose water (osmosis).
3

Biological Methods of Food Preservation

  • Fermentation uses beneficial microorganisms like bacteria and yeast to convert sugars into acids, alcohol, or gases.
  • Lactic acid bacteria produce lactic acid, lowering pH and preventing pathogen growth.
  • Alcoholic fermentation by yeast converts sugars into ethanol and CO₂ (used in wine and beer).
4

Emerging Techniques and Hurdle Technology

  • Hurdle technology combines two or more preservation methods to enhance effectiveness.
  • Each 'hurdle' (e.g., low pH, salt, refrigeration) acts together to stop microbial growth synergistically.
  • Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) alters gas composition (like increasing CO₂) to extend shelf life.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Food Preservation

Physical MethodsChemical MethodsBiological MethodsFactors Affecting Microbial GrowthEmerging Techniques

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Food Preservation for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Community Science (Home Science)?
Food Preservation covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Food Preservation — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Community Science (Home Science)?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 45 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

More resources for Food Preservation

All 42 chapters — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Community Science (Home Science) Syllabus

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