Hygiene — Syllabus
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Community Science (Home Science)
What Hygiene covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Community Science: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
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Topics in Hygiene
Personal Hygiene
- Personal hygiene involves daily practices to keep the body clean and healthy.
- Includes care of skin, hair, nails, mouth, eyes, ears, feet, and genitals.
- Daily bathing with soap removes sweat, dead skin, and bacteria.
Hand Washing and Critical Situations
- Handwashing is one of the most effective ways to prevent disease transmission.
- Should be done with clean water and soap, scrubbing all surfaces including under nails.
- If soap is not available, ash or clean sand can be used as alternatives.
Sanitation and Waste Disposal
- Sanitation means safe disposal of human waste and maintaining clean surroundings.
- Open defecation must be avoided to prevent disease spread.
- Safe water sources include taps, hand pumps, and covered wells.
Methods of Waste Disposal
- Landfill: Non-recyclable waste is layered with soil in low-lying areas.
- Incineration: Burning waste reduces volume by 90% and kills germs.
- Waste compaction: Compressing cans and bottles for easier recycling and transport.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Hygiene
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Sources & Official References
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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