Biomolecules
CBSE · Class 11 · Biotechnology
Summary of Biomolecules for CBSE Class 11 Biotechnology. Key concepts, important points, and chapter overview.
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Overview
Biomolecules are the organic compounds that form the basic material of living cells. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four major groups. They provide energy, structure, storage, regulation, and genetic information. Cell membranes contain lipids and proteins, cell walls cont
Key Concepts
Carbohydrates are one of the most
Carbohydrates are one of the most abundant classes of biomolecules in nature and found widely distributed in all life forms. They are major sources of
Monosaccharides are simple sugars which cannot
Monosaccharides are simple sugars which cannot be further hydrolysed into simpler forms. They have the general formula Cn(H2O)n and may be aldoses or
A molecule with n chiral centres
A molecule with n chiral centres can have 2n stereoisomers. Glyceraldehyde has 2 stereoisomers, and glucose has 16. Most sugars in biological systems
Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates having two
Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates having two to ten monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds. Common examples include disaccharides and trisac
Polysaccharides are polymers of more than
Polysaccharides are polymers of more than ten monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic linkages. They may be storage polysaccharides or structural po
Learning Objectives
- Classify carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
- Describe the structure and properties of monosaccharides, polysaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids, proteins, DNA, and RNA.
- Explain how structure is linked to function in biomolecules.
- Identify important examples such as starch, glycogen, cellulose, cholesterol, and DNA.
- Understand the basic ideas of stereoisomerism, peptide bonding, protein folding, and base pairing.
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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