Programming and Systems Biology — Syllabus
CBSE · Class 11 · Biotechnology
What Programming and Systems Biology covers in CBSE Class 11 Biotechnology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
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Topics in Programming and Systems Biology
Programming in Biology
- Large-scale biological data are now generated through high-throughput methods.
- Massive data create challenges in storage, visualisation, transfer, analysis, and interpretation.
- Programming knowledge is useful for handling biological datasets and making predictions.
Python, R, GEC and Kera
- Python is a high-level, general-purpose, object-oriented programming interactive language.
- Python was created by Guido van Rossum in 1991.
- Python runs on Unix, Mac, and Windows.
Systems Biology: Meaning and Need
- Systems biology studies complex biological interactions within biological systems.
- It uses mathematical and computational models to mimic complex biological systems.
- Such models are called system models.
Historical Perspective
- In 1952, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Fielding Huxley described a mathematical model for action potential propagation along the axon of a neuronal cell.
- In 1960, Denis Noble developed the first computer model of the heart pacemaker.
- Systems biology was formally launched in 1966 by Mihajlo Mesarovic at the Case Institute of Technology in Cleveland, Ohio.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Programming and systems biology as tools for handling biological data, modelling complex systems, and analysing biological processes
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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