Cellular Organelles
CBSE · Class 11 · Biotechnology
Complete topic list for Cellular Organelles in CBSE Class 11 Biotechnology. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Cellular Organelles
Plasma Membrane
- Plasma membrane forms the boundary of the cytoplasm and is semipermeable in nature.
- The widely accepted model is the Fluid Mosaic Model proposed by Singer and Nicolson in 1972.
- The membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with a mosaic of globular proteins embedded in it.
Cell Wall
- Cell wall is found in bacteria, algae, fungi, and higher plants — NOT in animal cells.
- Functions: provides rigidity, shape, protection from osmotic pressure, mechanical strength, cell-cell interaction, and protection from infection.
- Bacterial cell wall: composed of peptidoglycan (polysaccharide cross-linked by small peptides).
Endomembrane System
- Endomembrane system is exclusive to eukaryotic cells.
- It includes: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, and Vacuoles.
- These organelles work in a coordinated manner for protein and lipid synthesis, processing, packaging, and transport.
Mitochondria
- Found in nearly all eukaryotic cells; absent in prokaryotes.
- Also called the 'powerhouse of the cell' as they generate ATP through cellular respiration.
- Shape: typically sausage-shaped or rod-shaped; size: 3.0–10.0 μm long, 0.5–1.5 μm wide.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Cellular Organelles
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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