Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change

Given: Ramesh is 11 years old and has developed pimples on his face. His mother attributes this to biological changes in his body.

(i) Possible reasons for pimples:

During adolescence, the body undergoes hormonal changes. These hormones stimulate the oil (sebaceous) glands in the skin to produce more oil (sebum). When excess oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria block the pores of the skin, pimples (acne) develop. Since Ramesh is 11 years old, he is entering adolescence, and the increased hormonal activity is the primary reason for the pimples on his face.

(ii) Ways to get relief from pimples:

- Wash the face regularly with a mild soap or face wash at least twice a day to remove excess oil and dirt.
- Avoid touching or squeezing the pimples, as this can spread bacteria and cause more pimples or scarring.
- Drink plenty of water to keep the skin hydrated and flush out toxins.
- Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains; avoid oily and junk food.
- Keep hair clean and away from the face, as oily hair can worsen pimples.
- Consult a doctor if pimples are severe or causing discomfort, as a doctor may prescribe appropriate medication.

Conclusion: Pimples during adolescence are a normal part of growing up caused by hormonal changes. Good personal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle can provide significant relief.

Based on the context of the chapter, image (i) likely shows junk/processed foods (like chips, burgers, cold drinks) and image (ii) likely shows nutritious foods (like fruits, vegetables, milk, pulses, whole grains). Answer: Food group (ii) — the nutritious/balanced food group — is a better option for adolescents. Reasons:

1. Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and development. The body needs adequate proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals to support this growth. 2. Proteins (from milk, pulses, eggs, etc.) help in building muscles and tissues and provide energy. 3. Calcium (from milk, curd, cheese) supports optimal bone growth and development. 4. Iron (from spinach, kidney beans, dried fruits) helps in the formation of blood, which is especially important for girls who begin menstruation during adolescence. 5. Vitamins and minerals from fruits and vegetables support overall immunity and body functions. 6. Junk/processed foods (food group i) are high in unhealthy fats, sugar, and salt, and low in essential nutrients. They can lead to obesity, poor immunity, and other health problems. Conclusion: A balanced and nutritious diet (food group ii) is essential during adolescence to meet the increased nutritional demands of the growing body.

(i) Scrambled word: nstmnoiaretu

Unscrambled word: MENSTRUATION

The discharge of blood in adolescent girls which generally occurs every 28–30 days is menstruation.

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(ii) Scrambled word: iceov xob

Unscrambled word: VOICE BOX

The hoarseness in the voice of adolescent boys is due to the enlarged voice box (larynx).

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(iii) Scrambled word: urtypeb

Unscrambled word: PUBERTY

Secondary sexual characteristics are natural signs that the body is preparing for adulthood and mark the onset of puberty.

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(iv) Scrambled words: lahoclo and srugd

Unscrambled words: ALCOHOL and DRUGS

We should say NO to alcohol and drugs as they are addictive.

Given: Shalu's statement — 'Adolescence brings only physical changes, like growing taller or developing body hair.'

Is Shalu correct?

No, Shalu is not entirely correct. What should be changed/added:

Adolescence is not limited to physical changes alone. It is a comprehensive stage of growth and development that includes:

1. Physical changes: Increase in height and weight, development of secondary sexual characteristics (growth of body hair, broadening of shoulders in boys, development of breasts in girls, etc.), and changes in voice. 2. Biological/Reproductive changes: The body becomes capable of reproduction. Girls begin menstruation (the menstrual cycle), and boys begin producing sperm. These changes are controlled by hormones. 3. Emotional changes: Adolescents experience mood swings, stronger emotions, increased sensitivity, and heightened curiosity. They may feel happy one moment and low the next. 4. Behavioural changes: Adolescents may develop deeper interests in new areas, take up social initiatives, become more independent in thinking, and may be influenced by peers. Corrected description: Adolescence is a stage of rapid and significant physical, biological, emotional, and behavioural changes that occur between the ages of 10–19 years, as the body and mind prepare for adulthood.

(i) Point: 'Adolescents do not need to worry about behavioural changes.'

Questions to check the correctness of this point:

- Do you know that behavioural changes during adolescence are influenced by strong emotions like mood swings and heightened sensitivity — can ignoring them lead to poor decisions?
- Are you aware that understanding your emotions and behaviour helps you respond to situations thoughtfully and make better choices?
- Do you think that behavioural changes, if not understood and managed well, can affect relationships with family and friends?
- Have you heard of cases where adolescents, due to unmanaged behavioural changes, got involved in harmful activities?
- Do you know that seeking guidance from parents, teachers, or counsellors during this phase can help adolescents grow positively?

Conclusion: This point is incorrect. Behavioural changes during adolescence are significant and need to be understood and managed with proper guidance.

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(ii) Point: 'If someone tries a harmful substance once, they can stop anytime they want.'

Questions to check the correctness of this point:

- Do you know what addiction means, and how quickly harmful substances like tobacco, alcohol, or drugs can become addictive?
- Are you aware that many people who are addicted today also started with 'just one time'?
- Do you know that addictive substances create a strong urge (craving) in the body and mind to consume them again and again, making it very difficult to stop?
- Have you seen or heard of people who tried to quit harmful substances but found it extremely difficult even after years?
- Do you know that substance abuse harms not only physical health but also mental health and social relationships?

Conclusion: This point is incorrect and dangerous. Harmful substances are highly addictive, and even a single use can lead to dependence. The wisest choice is to say NO the very first time.