Describing Motion Around Us
CBSE · Class 9 · Science
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A bus starts from 36 km/h and increases its speed to 54 km/h in 10 s. What is its average acceleration?
A bus slows down from 54 km/h to rest in 5 s. What is its average acceleration?
A car moves at 54 km/h and brakes with a deceleration of 4 m s⁻². How much distance does it travel before stopping?
A car moves at 108 km/h and brakes with a deceleration of 4 m s⁻². How much distance does it travel before stopping?
Sample Questions
An athlete starts at O, reaches B at 4 s, reaches A at 10 s, and returns to B at 16 s. What are the total distance travelled and the displacement from 0 s to 16 s?
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160 m and 40 m in the positive direction
The path is O to A and then A back to B. Total distance = OA + AB = 100 m + 60 m = 160 m. Displacement is the straight-line change from O to B, which is 40 m in the positive direction.
A swimmer named Sarang takes 50 s to go from one end of a 25 m pool to the other end and back. What are his average speed and average velocity?
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1 m s⁻¹ and 0 m s⁻¹
The total distance travelled is 50 m because the swimmer goes 25 m forward and 25 m back. Average speed = 50/50 = 1 m s⁻¹. Displacement is zero because the swimmer returns to the starting point, so average velocity = 0/50 = 0 m s⁻¹.
A body in free fall starts from rest and its velocity becomes 9.8 m s⁻¹ after 1 s. What is its average acceleration?
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9.8 m s⁻²
Average acceleration = change in velocity / time interval = (9.8 - 0) / 1 = 9.8 m s⁻². In free fall, this acceleration is called g and acts downward.
A body in free fall starts from rest and its velocity becomes 19.6 m s⁻¹ after 2 s. What is its average acceleration?
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9.8 m s⁻²
Average acceleration = (19.6 - 0) / 2 = 9.8 m s⁻². The same value appears in each equal time interval for free fall.
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
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