Heredity — Flashcards
Gujarat Board · Class 10 · Science
22 flashcards for Heredity (Gujarat Board Class 10 Science) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Sample: "What is heredity?"
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What is heredity?
Answer
Heredity is the process by which traits and characteristics are passed from parents to their offspring through genetic material (DNA). It explains why children resemble their parents but also show var…
Why do sexually reproducing organisms show more variation than asexually reproducing organisms?
Answer
In sexual reproduction, genetic material from two parents combines, creating new combinations of traits. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are nearly identical to the parent, with only mino…
Who is known as the 'Father of Genetics' and what plant did he use for his experiments?
Answer
Gregor Mendel is known as the 'Father of Genetics'. He used garden pea plants (Pisum sativum) for his inheritance experiments because they had clearly contrasting traits and could be easily cross-poll…
List three contrasting traits that Mendel studied in pea plants.
Answer
1. Plant height: Tall vs Short 2. Seed shape: Round vs Wrinkled 3. Flower color: White vs Violet (Other traits included seed color, pod shape, pod color, and flower position)…
What is a dominant trait? Give an example.
Answer
A dominant trait is one that is expressed even when only one copy of the gene is present. It masks the expression of the recessive trait. Example: In pea plants, tallness (T) is dominant over shortnes…
What is a recessive trait? Give an example.
Answer
A recessive trait is one that is expressed only when both copies of the gene are present (homozygous recessive). Example: In pea plants, shortness (t) is recessive. A plant must have tt to be short.
In Mendel's monohybrid cross of tall (TT) × short (tt) pea plants, what was observed in the F1 generation?
Answer
All F1 plants were tall (Tt). There were no intermediate height plants. This showed that tallness is dominant over shortness, and the F1 generation showed only the dominant trait.
What ratio was observed when F1 tall plants (Tt) were self-pollinated to produce the F2 generation?
Answer
The F2 generation showed a 3:1 ratio of tall to short plants. Genotypically, it was 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt, but phenotypically 3 tall : 1 short because both TT and Tt appear tall.
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