Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) — Syllabus
ICSE · Class 11 · Accountancy
What Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) covers in ICSE Class 11 Accountancy: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
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Topics in Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
1. Meaning and Nature of Accounting Principles
- Accounting principles are rules and guidelines used in accounting statements.
- Accounting standards issued by ICAI also form part of the theory base of accounting.
- The general acceptance of an accounting principle depends on relevance, objectivity, and feasibility.
2. Basic Accounting Assumptions as per AS4
- AS4 lists three basic accounting assumptions: going concern, consistency, and accrual.
- Going concern means the business will continue for a long time in future.
- Under going concern, fixed assets are valued at cost, not forced-sale value or market value.
3. Other Accounting Concepts
- Business entity concept treats the business as separate from the owner.
- The proprietor is treated as a creditor of the business to the extent of capital invested.
- Capital invested by the proprietor is shown on the liabilities side of the balance sheet.
4. Bases of Revenue Recognition
- There are three bases for revenue recognition: sales basis, cash basis, and production basis.
- Under sales basis, revenue is recognised at the point of sale when title passes from seller to buyer.
- Under cash basis, revenue is recognised when cash is actually received.
Key Concepts
Central concept: GAAP as the theory base of accounting that gives uniformity, reliability, comparability, and meaningful financial statements
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