The Subject Psychology — Flashcards

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The term Psychology comes from two Greek words: psyche, meaning soul or mind, and logos, meaning science. So, Psychology originally meant the science of the mind or soul.

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Psychology moved from soul, to mind, to consciousness, and then to behaviour. This shows a shift from philosophical thinking to a more scientific study of observable and measurable actions.

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Aristotle defined Psychology as the science of soul. He described the soul as an entity that realises an idea, is not separable from the body, and has its abode in the human heart.

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Rene Descartes defined Psychology as the science of consciousness. He proposed Dualism, which says that mind and body are separate entities that interact through the pineal gland. He also argued that …

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Behaviour is any manifestation of life. It includes motor activities like walking, cognitive activities like perceiving and reasoning, and emotional activities like feeling happy or sad. It includes b…

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A stimulus is the environmental influence that excites an organism to act. A response is the activity that follows. For example, touching a hot plate is the stimulus, and jumping back is the response.

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Psychology is a positive science because it studies facts as they are, not what ought to be. It is developing because behaviour is dynamic and unpredictable, so Psychology cannot be as perfect and exa…

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Psychology is not a normative science like logic or ethics. It deals with what is, rather than what should be. It explains actual behaviour and mental processes instead of judging them as right or wro…