Remembering and Forgetting

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Memory is the process of retaining information over time. It allows information, experiences, and ideas to be stored and used later. In simple terms, memory helps a person learn from the past and use …

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Levin described memory as a giant filing cabinet in the brain with data sorted, classified, and cross-filed for future reference. The idea shows that memory is organised and depends on how the brain c…

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Sternberg described memory as the means by which we draw on past experiences in order to use this information in the present. This definition highlights the practical use of memory in current thinking…

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The three main types are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memory holds incoming sensory input briefly, short-term memory holds a small amount for a short time, and long…

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Sensory memory is the initial stage of memory where information from the sense organs is retained for a very brief time. It acts like a buffer for incoming stimulation. It is subdivided into iconic, e…

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Iconic memory is the sensory memory for visual information. It retains visual input for about one-fourth of a second and maximally about twelve items. A common example is the brief after-image or ligh…

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Echoic memory is the sensory memory for auditory information. It can hold sounds for only 3 to 4 seconds. This short duration helps the brain briefly keep a sound active long enough for recognition an…

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Haptic memory is the sensory memory for touch and bodily sensations such as pressure, itching, and pain. It decays after about two seconds, so it is very short-lived.