Emotions and Motivation

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Emotion is the moved or stirred up state of an organism. It includes a felt experience inside the person, bodily changes, and visible behaviour outside. Emotion can be seen in actions like crying, tre…

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The three foremost elements of emotion are physiological changes, subjective cognitive states, and associated expressive behaviours. For example, fear may involve a fast heartbeat, the feeling of fear…

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Emotion is subjective because the same situation does not create the same feeling in every person. One person may enjoy a party, while another may feel uncomfortable or unhappy in the same setting.

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Displacement quality means that emotion is expressed in a situation different from where it began. For example, anger caused by a boss may later be expressed at home toward children or subordinates.

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Instinct is an innate tendency of an organism to react or respond immediately to an environmental stimulus. It helps in adjustment to the environment without foresight, learning, or previous experienc…

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McDougall linked instincts and emotions by stating that emotions and behaviours arise from primary instincts. He described an invariable and inherent relation between instincts and emotions and used i…

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The physiological theory of emotion is the James-Lange theory. It states that physiological arousal comes first and produces emotion. A person feels emotion after noticing bodily changes such as tremb…

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The sequence is: stimulus is perceived, physiological changes occur, and then emotion is recognised. For example, a person sees danger, the body reacts, and fear is felt.