Remembering and Forgetting
ICSE · Class 11 · Psychology
Quick revision notes for Remembering and Forgetting — ICSE Class 11 Psychology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
1. Meaning and Nature of Memory
- Memory is a complex mental process that stores and recalls information in an organised way.
- Levin defined memory as being linked to a giant filling cabinet in the brain with data sorted, classified and cross-filed for future reference.
- Sternberg defined memory as the means by which one draws on past experiences to use this information in the present.
2. Types of Memory
- Sensory memory is the initial stage and acts like a brief buffer for incoming sensory information.
- Sensory memory is subdivided into iconic, echoic, and haptic memory.
- Iconic memory is the sensory memory for visual items. It retains visual information for about one-fourth of a second and up to twelve items.
3. Working of Memory
- Memory works through three main stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval.
- Encoding is the initial process of collecting information through perceiving and learning.
- Information can be encoded semantically, acoustically, and visually.
4. Models of Memory
- Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed the Information Processing Model, also called the Modal model or Multi-store model.
- This model includes three stores: sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
- In this model, the sensory register holds stimulation for about 1 to 4 seconds.
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