Matrices
ICSE · Class 12 · Mathematics
Summary of Matrices for ICSE Class 12 Mathematics. Key concepts, important points, and chapter overview.
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Matrices are ordered rectangular arrays of numbers or functions. They are written in brackets or parentheses, and their elements are arranged in rows and columns. Matrix theory was introduced by Cayley-Hamilton in 1853. The chapter builds the foundation for representing data, performing operations o
Key Concepts
A matrix is an ordered rectangular
A matrix is an ordered rectangular array of numbers or functions. If a matrix has m rows and n columns, its order is m × n. The number of elements in
Important types include null matrix
Important types include null matrix, row matrix, column matrix, square matrix, rectangular matrix, diagonal matrix, scalar matrix, identity matrix, up
Two matrices are equal only if
Two matrices are equal only if they have the same order and their corresponding elements are equal.
Matrix addition and subtraction are done
Matrix addition and subtraction are done element-wise and are defined only for matrices of the same order. Scalar multiplication multiplies every elem
If A is of order m
If A is of order m × n and B is of order n × p, then AB is of order m × p. The (i, j)th entry is the sum of products of the ith row of A and the jth c
Learning Objectives
- Identify a matrix and write its order correctly
- Classify matrices as row, column, square, rectangular, diagonal, scalar, identity, upper triangular, lower triangular, symmetric, skew-symmetric, or zero matrix
- Find the number of elements in a matrix and possible orders of a matrix with a given number of elements
- Apply matrix addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and multiplication
- Use properties of matrix operations such as associativity, distributivity, and non-commutativity
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