Stress and Stress Management

Comfort zone; beyond the fatigue point, performance declines and ultimately leads to burnout.

Step 1: Nixon's inverted-U curve shows that some stress is necessary for good performance. Step 2: The area on the curve before the fatigue point where stress is manageable and performance is optimal is called the Comfort Zone. Step 3: As stress increases beyond the comfort zone, the person reaches the Fatigue Point, after which performance begins to decline. Step 4: If stress continues to increase or remains unmanaged, the person reaches burnout – characterised by exhaustion, ill health and breakdown. Step 5: Effective stress management can raise the performance level even under stress. Optio

Type-C individuals suppress negative emotions like anger and hostility, disrupting their immune system and making them prone to diseases like cancer.

Step 1: Type-C personality is often confused with Type-A because both are susceptible to serious health issues, but for different reasons. Step 2: Type-A individuals are competitive, ambitious and time-pressured – their stress primarily leads to cardiac problems and hypertension. Step 3: Type-C individuals suppress all negative feelings like anger, rage and hostility rather than expressing them. Step 4: This emotional suppression disrupts the equilibrium and weakens the immune system, making the body less resistant to diseases. Step 5: Research (Mohanty, 2015) shows this links Type-C personali

Sublimation transforms socially disapproved impulses into socially approved and constructive actions, making it productive unlike other mechanisms.

Step 1: Defense mechanisms are unconscious processes used to protect the ego from anxiety-provoking thoughts. Step 2: Most defense mechanisms simply redirect or hide the unacceptable impulse without resolving it – for example, displacement channels aggression to a safer target and regression reverts to childish behaviour. Step 3: Sublimation is unique because it TRANSFORMS the socially unacceptable impulse into something socially constructive and valuable – like art, sport, science, or ideological efforts. Step 4: For example, a woman who cannot have children may channel that energy into becom

Fuel Shortage Stage

Step 1: Veninga and Spradley (1981) described five sequential stages of burnout. Step 2: The Honeymoon Stage is the first stage – marked by high excitement, enthusiasm, satisfaction and commitment towards the new job. There is NO awareness of dissatisfaction here. Step 3: The Fuel Shortage Stage is the second stage – where the person first starts experiencing vague fatigue, sleep disturbances, confusion and begins to become somewhat aware of job dissatisfaction. Unhealthy habits like eating, smoking and drinking may also begin. Step 4: The Chronic Symptom Stage is the third stage – where exhau