Atmosphere

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The atmosphere is the blanket of air that surrounds Earth. It extends to about 10,000 km above the surface and protects life by keeping Earth warm enough and by shielding it from harmful radiation and…

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Air is mainly made of nitrogen 78%, oxygen 21%, argon 0.93%, and carbon dioxide 0.4%. It also contains trace gases such as neon, helium, methane, krypton, ozone, hydrogen, and water vapour.

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Nitrogen is the largest component of air. It makes up most of the atmosphere and helps maintain the balance of gases needed for life. Although it does not support breathing directly, it is an importan…

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Oxygen is the second largest component of air. It is essential for breathing in humans and animals and also supports burning. Without oxygen, life as it exists on Earth would not be possible.

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As height increases, air becomes thinner and less dense. That is why atmospheric pressure decreases when we go higher. The pressure decreases by 1 cm for every 110 metres of ascent.

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Atmospheric pressure depends on three main factors: altitude, temperature, and water vapour. Pressure decreases with altitude, warm air becomes less dense and exerts less pressure, and humid air is li…

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Wind is the horizontal movement of air from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure. Winds can change weather, cool a place, or bring moisture and rain.

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The troposphere is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere and is closest to Earth. Almost all weather happens here. It contains water vapour, dust, clouds, and precipitation.