ICSE Class 8 Mathematics — Chapter Summary

A rational number is any number that can be written in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and q is not zero. The numerator is p and the denominator is q. Natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, fractions, and zero are all rational numbers. Rational numbers can be positive or negative dependi

Exponents give a short way to write repeated multiplication. For a real number x and an integer n, x multiplied by itself n times is written as x^n. The number x^n is read as x raised to the power n. Exponents also work with negative integers, zero, and with laws that help simplify expressions quick

Squares are obtained when a number is multiplied by itself, and square roots are the reverse operation that find the number whose square gives the original number. The chapter develops both ideas through perfect squares, prime factorisation, the division method, decimal numbers, fractions, and usefu