Chemical Changes and Reactions
ICSE · Class 9 · Chemistry
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1. Chemical Reaction and Its Signs
- A chemical reaction is the process of breaking the chemical bonds of the reactants and making new bonds to form new products.
- A chemical bond is the force that holds the atoms of a molecule together, as in a compound.
- Chemical reactions occur when particles collide, usually by close contact or by supply of energy.
2. Types of Chemical Reactions
- The main types of chemical reactions are direct combination, decomposition, displacement, and double decomposition.
- In a combination reaction, two or more substances combine to form a single product.
- In a decomposition reaction, a compound breaks into simpler substances or elements.
3. Decomposition, Reversible Reactions, and Thermal Dissociation
- Decomposition can happen by heat, light, or electricity.
- Thermal decomposition is decomposition brought about by heat.
- Thermal dissociation is a simultaneous reversible decomposition reaction brought about only by heat.
4. Catalysts, Promoters, and Activity Series
- Catalysts speed up or slow down the rate of reactions, but catalysts themselves do not take part in the reaction.
- When a catalyst accelerates a reaction, it is a positive catalyst.
- A catalyst employed to retard a reaction is a negative catalyst.
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