Atmospheric Pollution
ICSE · Class 9 · Chemistry
Quick revision notes for Atmospheric Pollution — ICSE Class 9 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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1. Pollution and Air Pollution
- Environmental pollution is the effect of undesirable changes in our surroundings that have a harmful effect on plants, animals and human beings.
- Pollution is created by harmful substances generally produced by human beings, though nature also pollutes at times.
- Pollutants are toxic or harmful substances that contaminate and degrade the environment.
2. Sources of Air Pollutants
- Natural sources of air pollutants include volcanoes, decaying vegetation, forest fires, winds, and dust storms.
- Volcanoes release carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, hydrocarbons, and particulates.
- Microbial action on organic matter in soil releases nitrous oxide.
3. Important Air Pollutants and Their Harmful Effects
- Sulphur dioxide affects crop yield and causes damage to lungs.
- Hydrogen sulphide is produced by decaying organic matter, sewage, and certain industrial operations. It causes nausea, irritates the eyes and throat, and destroys vegetable matter because it is acidic
- Fluorides destroy vegetation and affect teeth and bones.
4. Oxides of Nitrogen and Oxides of Sulphur
- Oxides of nitrogen are formed at high temperatures in furnaces and internal combustion engines.
- Nitric oxide further reacts with atmospheric oxygen and ozone to form nitrogen dioxide.
- Nitrogen dioxide is harmful to plants and animals and causes irritation in the mucous membrane.
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