Ecosystems - Structure, Functions, and Services

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Ecology is the branch of science that studies interactions between living organisms and their physical environment, and their interdependence in maintaining ecological balance.

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Ecology is divided into two branches: autecology, which deals with one organism or one species and its environment, and synecology, which studies groups of organisms, communities, and ecosystems and t…

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Ecological hierarchy is the arrangement of living systems from the smallest unit, organism, to the largest unit, biosphere.

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The correct order is: organism → species → population → community → ecosystem → biome → biosphere.

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A habitat is the natural place or environment where an organism lives and gets food, water, shelter, and suitable climatic conditions. Examples include forest, desert, pond, and ocean.

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An ecological niche is the functional role or position of an organism within its habitat. It includes feeding, interactions, and contribution to energy flow and nutrient cycling.

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Habitat is the physical place where an organism lives, while niche is the role it plays there. For example, a forest is a habitat, but a predator, pollinator, or decomposer is a niche.

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Ecosystem threats are long-term pressures that cause permanent damage to ecosystems and biodiversity. Examples include habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, over-exploitation of resources, a…