India's Environmental Heritage

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Bio-cultural diversity is the close link between biological diversity and cultural diversity. Nature and human traditions influence each other.

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India has many ecosystems such as forests, mountains, deserts, wetlands, coastal regions, and islands. Different climates and natural resources shape food, clothing, housing, and livelihoods.

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India supports nearly 8% of the world's known plant and animal species. This shows very high biodiversity compared with its small land area.

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Biodiversity hotspots are regions with very high diversity of plant and animal species, including many endemic species found only in a particular region.

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There are 36 biodiversity hotspots in the world.

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They cover only about 2.5% of Earth's land surface but support over 50% of plant species and about 43% of animal species. Protecting them helps save many species at once.

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The Himalayas, the Indo-Burma Region, the Western Ghats, and the Sundaland are the four biodiversity hotspots of India.

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The Himalayas hotspot extends from Jammu and Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh. It includes forests, alpine meadows, and snow clad mountains. It is home to snow leopard, red panda, Himalayan tahr, and many…