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Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere

ICSE · Class 9 · Geography

Quick revision notes for Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere — ICSE Class 9 Geography. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

84 questions35 flashcards5 concepts

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A cross-section diagram showing the troposphere and stratosphere, highlighting their approximate heights, key characteristics, and major components, including the ozone layer's location.
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Key Topics to Revise

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1. Composition of the Atmosphere

  • Nitrogen and oxygen are the two main gases in clean dry air.
  • Nitrogen makes up 78% of the atmosphere and oxygen makes up 21%.
  • Together, nitrogen and oxygen make up about 99% of clean dry air.
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2. Structure of the Atmosphere

  • On the basis of structure, the atmosphere has four main layers: troposphere, stratosphere, ionosphere, and exosphere.
  • Troposphere is the lowermost layer where we live.
  • Almost all weather phenomena take place in the troposphere.
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3. Ozone in the Stratosphere

  • Ozone is made of three oxygen atoms, while ordinary oxygen has two atoms.
  • Ozone forms in the upper stratosphere when ultraviolet radiation breaks an oxygen molecule into atoms that combine to form ozone.
  • Ozone absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
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4. Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming

  • Almost all the energy available to the Earth and its atmosphere comes from the Sun.
  • Direct ultraviolet rays of the Sun are extremely harmful for living beings.
  • Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapour.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

The atmosphere is a relatively thinNitrogen makes up 78% of cleanWater vapour is a colourlessThe troposphere is the lowermost atmosphericThe tropopause is the upper boundary

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere for ICSE Class 9 Geography?
Key topics in Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere include Atmospheric Composition by Volume, Atmosphere Composition and Structure Overview, Atmospheric Composition by Percentage. These are the concepts ICSE Class 9 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere — ICSE Class 9 Geography?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 84 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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