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Syllabus

Latitudes and Longitudes — Syllabus

ICSE · Class 9 · Geography

What Latitudes and Longitudes covers in ICSE Class 9 Geography: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the ICSE Class 9 Geography syllabus.

52 questions36 flashcards2 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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A diagram illustrating the Earth's grid system, showing how parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude intersect to form a grid used for locating points on Earth. It should clearly show the Equa
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4 Topics · ICSE Class 9 Geography · 2026-27

Topics in Latitudes and Longitudes

1

1. Earth and the Geographic Grid

  • Earth is an oblate spheroid called the Geoid. It is flattened at the poles and slightly bulged at the equator.
  • Earth's equatorial circumference is approximately 40,075 km.
  • The Earth is divided into four hemispheres: Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western.
2

2. Latitudes and Their Main Features

  • The latitude of a place is the angular distance of that place north or south of the Equator, measured from the centre of the Earth.
  • Latitudes are imaginary circles parallel to the Equator and are called parallels of latitude.
  • There are 180 parallels of latitude in total: 90 north and 90 south of the Equator, at 1 degree intervals.
3

3. Main Five Parallels and Climatic Zones

  • The five main parallels of latitude are the Equator, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle, and Antarctic Circle.
  • These five parallels mark the main climatic zones of Earth, also called temperature zones or heat zones.
  • The Tropic of Cancer is 23½°N. The Sun is overhead here on 21st June, making it the longest day in the Northern Hemisphere.
4

4. Longitudes, Prime Meridian, and Location

  • The longitude of a place is the angular distance of that place east or west of the Prime Meridian.
  • Longitudes are imaginary semicircles running from the North Pole to the South Pole.
  • All meridians of longitude are Great Circles.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Earth's grid system of latitudes and longitudes

Earth's shapeHemispheresLatitudesMain latitudesClimatic or heat zonesLongitudesLocation findingTime calculation

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Latitudes and Longitudes for ICSE Class 9 Geography?
Key topics in Latitudes and Longitudes include Earth and the Geographic Grid, Latitudes and Their Main Features, Main Five Parallels and Climatic Zones, Longitudes, Prime Meridian, and Location. Study these first, then practise questions on each for Class 9 exams.
How should I revise Latitudes and Longitudes for Class 9 exams?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 52 practice questions on Latitudes and Longitudes. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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