The First War of Indian Independence (1857)
Karnataka Board · Class 10 · Social Science
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What was the First War of Indian Independence also known as, and who called it by what name?
Answer
The 1857 revolt was called 'The First War of Independence' by Indians, while British historians referred to it as 'The Sepoy Mutiny'. This difference in naming reflects different perspectives - Indian…
Doctrine of Lapse
Answer
A policy introduced by Lord Dalhousie that allowed the British to annex Indian states if the ruler died without a natural heir. Under this doctrine, kingdoms like Satara, Jaipur, Jhansi, and Udaipur c…
What was the Inam Commission and how did it contribute to the revolt?
Answer
The Inam Commission was appointed by the British to confiscate all gifted lands (Inam lands) that did not have proper documents. This policy resulted in farmers losing their lands, causing financial h…
How did the Industrial Revolution in England affect Indian craftsmen and contribute to the revolt?
Answer
The Industrial Revolution made England an industrial hub rather than just a trading country. This led to the decline of Indian handicrafts and cottage industries, especially textile and wool industrie…
What were the administrative causes that led to discontent among Indians?
Answer
The British introduced new civil and criminal laws applicable only to Indians. English became the court language, making justice inaccessible to common people. British judges often favored British cit…
Describe the military causes of dissatisfaction among Indian soldiers.
Answer
Indian soldiers in the British army faced discrimination in status, salary, and promotion opportunities compared to British soldiers. They were also forced to cross oceans to serve in foreign lands, w…
What was the immediate cause of the 1857 revolt?
Answer
The immediate cause was the introduction of the new Enfield rifle with cartridges allegedly greased with cow and pig fat. Soldiers had to bite off the cartridge before loading. Since cows were sacred …
Mangal Pandey
Answer
An Indian soldier at Barrackpore who became the first martyr of the 1857 revolt. When British officers ordered Indian soldiers to use the greased cartridges, Mangal Pandey killed a British official in…
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Sources & Official References
- Karnataka SSLC — kseeb.kar.nic.in
- Dept of Pre-University Education, Karnataka
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
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