Colonialism and the Countryside: Exploring Official Archives — Chapter Summary
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · History
Summary of Colonialism and the Countryside: Exploring Official Archives for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 History.
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Overview
Colonial rule in the countryside changed land rights, revenue collection, and rural power relations in Bengal and the Bombay Deccan. The chapter follows three connected settings: Bengal zamindars under the Permanent Settlement, the Paharias and Santhals in the Rajmahal hills, and the Deccan countrys
Key Concepts
The Bengal revenue system introduced
The Bengal revenue system introduced in 1793 under which revenue was fixed in perpetuity. Zamindars had to collect rent from villages and pay a fixed
Under the Permanent Settlement
Under the Permanent Settlement, zamindars were treated as revenue collectors of the state, not as landowners in the village. They often controlled man
Rich peasants in Bengal who held
Rich peasants in Bengal who held large landholdings, controlled local trade and moneylending, and used sharecroppers. They were especially powerful in
Hill folk of the Rajmahal region
Hill folk of the Rajmahal region who practised shifting cultivation, hunting, and food gathering. They depended on forests and resisted outside intrus
Settled plough agriculturists who migrated into
Settled plough agriculturists who migrated into Bengal from the 1780s, were encouraged to clear forests, and were settled in Damin-i-Koh from 1832. Th
Learning Objectives
- Understand how the Permanent Settlement changed rural Bengal and the position of zamindars.
- Explain the rise of jotedars and their role in village politics and land control.
- Describe the life, economy, and resistance of the Paharias in the Rajmahal hills.
- Trace the settlement of the Santhals, the growth of Damin-i-Koh, and the Santhal rebellion of 1855-56.
- Analyse the causes of peasant distress in the Bombay Deccan, including revenue demand, debt, and the cotton boom.
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