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Syllabus

Probability — Syllabus

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Mathematics

What Probability covers in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Mathematics: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Topics include Core Ideas and Basic Setup.

160 questions50 flashcards12 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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A Venn diagram illustrating a partition of a sample space S into several pairwise disjoint and exhaustive events E1, E2, ..., En.
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4 Topics · Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Mathematics · 2026-27

Topics in Probability

1

1. Core Ideas and Basic Setup

  • Probability is treated as a function of outcomes in the axiomatic approach.
  • A random experiment has a sample space S made of all possible outcomes.
  • Events are subsets of the sample space.
2

2. Properties of Conditional Probability

  • If F has occurred, then S and F both have conditional probability 1 given F.
  • Union under conditioning follows the addition rule with overlap removed.
  • For disjoint events A and B, the conditioned union simplifies to a sum.
3

3. Multiplication Rule of Probability

  • The multiplication rule is obtained from conditional probability.
  • It gives probability of simultaneous occurrence of events.
  • For two events, both forms P(E)P(F|E) and P(F)P(E|F) are valid when the required probabilities are nonzero.
4

4. Independent and Dependent Events

  • Independent events are events whose occurrence does not affect each other.
  • Two equivalent descriptions are used: conditional probability form and product form.
  • Dependent events are simply events that are not independent.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Probability as a measure of uncertainty, including conditional probability, multiplication rule, independence, total probability, Bayes' theorem, and random variables

Introduction and historyConditional probabilityMultiplication rule of probabilityIndependent eventsPartition of sample spaceTheorem of total probabilityBayes' theoremRandom variable

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Probability for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Mathematics?
Key topics in Probability include Core Ideas and Basic Setup, Properties of Conditional Probability, Multiplication Rule of Probability, Independent and Dependent Events. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Probability for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 160 practice questions on Probability. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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