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Current Electricity — Syllabus

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Physics

What Current Electricity covers in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Physics: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Topics include Electric Current and Current.

87 questions56 flashcards17 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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Graphs showing the variation of resistivity with temperature for different types of materials: metals, semiconductors, and alloys.
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4 Topics · Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Physics · 2026-27

Topics in Current Electricity

1

1. Electric Current and Current Density

  • Electric current is the net charge crossing a cross-section per unit time.
  • For steady current, current is defined by I = q/t.
  • For non-steady current, current at time t is given by I(t) = lim_{Δt→0} ΔQ/Δt.
2

2. Ohm's Law, Resistance, Resistivity, and Conductivity

  • Ohm discovered the law in 1828 before the microscopic mechanism of current flow was understood.
  • Ohm's law states that V = RI for many conductors under suitable conditions.
  • The SI unit of resistance is ohm, symbol Ω.
3

3. Microscopic Origin of Resistance: Drift Velocity, Relaxation Time, and Mobility

  • Without an electric field, electrons move randomly and the average velocity is zero.
  • With an electric field, electrons acquire a small average drift velocity opposite to the field.
  • The average time between successive collisions is called relaxation time τ.
4

4. Limits of Ohm's Law and Materials Classification

  • Not all materials obey a linear V-I relation.
  • Three deviations are important: non-linear V-I relation, dependence on sign of V, and non-unique V-I relation.
  • A diode is an example where the V-I relation depends on the sign of V.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Current Electricity

Electric currentConductors and charge carriersOhm's lawResistance and resistivityDrift of electronsMicroscopic relationsTemperature dependence of resistivityPower and electrical energy

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Current Electricity for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Physics?
Key topics in Current Electricity include Electric Current and Current Density, Ohm's Law, Resistance, Resistivity, and Conductivity, Microscopic Origin of Resistance: Drift Velocity, Relaxation Time, and Mobility, Limits of Ohm's Law and Materials Classification. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Current Electricity for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 87 practice questions on Current Electricity. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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