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NIOS Class 12 Biology — Chapter Summary

NIOS Class 12 Biology chapter summary, chapter by chapter across 9 chapters. Follows the NIOS syllabus. Starts with The Kingdoms Monera, Protoctista.

How to Use Chapter Summaries

  1. Read before the full chapter — know what to expect before studying in detail.
  2. Use for revision — a quick pass before tests.
  3. Spot weak areas — a point that feels unclear tells you what to re-read.

Chapter Summaries — 9 Chapters

1

The Kingdoms Monera, Protoctista And Fungi

This chapter explores three fundamental kingdoms of life that form the foundation of Earth's biodiversity: Kingdom Monera (prokaryotes including bacteria and cyanobacteria), Kingdom Protoctista (unicellular eukaryotes), and Kingdom Fungi (saprotrophic eukaryotes). These organisms, though often micro

Kingdom Monera includes all bacteriaA bacterial cell consistsBacteria exhibit four nutritional categoriesBacteria reproduce asexually through binary fissionCyanobacteria (formerly called blue
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2

Kingdoms Plantae And Animalia

The biological world is divided into distinct kingdoms based on fundamental characteristics such as cellular organization, nutrition mode, and evolutionary relationships. Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Animalia represent the two largest and most complex kingdoms of life on Earth. Plants are multicellul

Kingdom Plantae consists of multicellularBryophytes are the simplest embryophytes lackingPteridophytes (ferns) are the first plantsSpermatophytes represent the highest divisionAngiosperms are classified into two major
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3

Cell – Structure And Function

The cell is the fundamental unit of life and the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. From tiny bacteria to massive organisms like whales, all life forms are composed of cells. Some organisms like bacteria consist of a single cell, while complex organisms like humans are mad

Formulated by Schleiden and SchwannProkaryotic cells (found in bacteria) lackThe plasma membraneTransport mechanisms includeThe cell wall is a non
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Frequently Asked Questions

Where can I find NIOS Class 12 Biology Chapter Summary?

This page has chapter summary for 9 chapters of NIOS Class 12 Biology for the board exams 2027. Each chapter links to its own page with the full set.

Go through the syllabus first, then work chapter by chapter: learn the ideas, practise questions, and revise with notes and flashcards. Leave time at the end to revise every chapter once more under timed conditions.

Browse Chapter Summary by Chapter

9 chapters

1

The Kingdoms Monera, Protoctista And Fungi

2

Kingdoms Plantae And Animalia

3

Cell – Structure And Function

4

Tissues And Other Levels Of Organization

5

Root System

6

Shoot System

7

Absorption, Transport And Water Loss In Plants

8

Nutrition In Plants – Mineral Nutrition

9

Nitrogen Metabolism

More Biology Resources

NIOS Class 12

Practice Quiz

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Important Questions

Exam-style questions with answers

Revision Notes

Key concepts and quick revision points

Concept Maps

Diagrams showing how topics connect

Flashcards

Quick-fire cards for active recall practice

Syllabus

Chapter list and the topics in each

Other NIOS Class 12 Subjects

PhysicsChemistryMathematicsEnglishBusiness StudiesAccountancyComputer Science