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Trigonometric Functions - I — Syllabus

NIOS · Class 12 · Mathematics

What Trigonometric Functions - I covers in NIOS Class 12 Mathematics: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the NIOS Class 12 Mathematics syllabus.

45 questions25 flashcards9 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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A diagram illustrating the definition of an angle as a measure of rotation, showing the initial side, terminal side, and vertex. It clearly distinguishes between positive (anti-clockwise) and negative
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4 Topics · NIOS Class 12 Mathematics · 2026-27

Topics in Trigonometric Functions - I

1

Circular Measure of Angles: Degrees and Radians

  • An angle is formed by the rotation of a ray from its initial position to its final position.
  • Anticlockwise rotation gives a positive angle; clockwise rotation gives a negative angle.
  • A unit circle is a circle with radius equal to 1 unit.
2

Trigonometric Functions Using the Unit Circle

  • For any point P(x, y) on the unit circle corresponding to angle θ, we define: sin θ = y, cos θ = x.
  • The coordinates of P can also be written as (cos θ, sin θ).
  • tan θ = y/x (defined when x ≠ 0), cot θ = x/y (defined when y ≠ 0).
3

Trigonometric Values of Standard Angles

  • The values of sin and cos at 0, π/6, π/4, π/3, π/2 must be memorised perfectly.
  • Memory trick for sin values: sin 0 = √(0/4), sin π/6 = √(1/4), sin π/4 = √(2/4), sin π/3 = √(3/4), sin π/2 = √(4/4). Simplify to get 0, 1/2, 1/√2, √3/2, 1.
  • Cosine values are the reverse: cos 0 = 1, cos π/6 = √3/2, cos π/4 = 1/√2, cos π/3 = 1/2, cos π/2 = 0.
4

Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

  • Graph of y = sin θ: starts at 0, rises to maximum 1 at π/2, returns to 0 at π, falls to minimum -1 at 3π/2, returns to 0 at 2π. It is continuous and wave-shaped.
  • Graph of y = cos θ: starts at maximum 1 at θ=0, falls to 0 at π/2, reaches minimum -1 at π, rises to 0 at 3π/2, returns to 1 at 2π. It is also continuous and wave-shaped.
  • Graph of y = tan θ: increases from 0 to +∞ in (0, π/2), then from -∞ to 0 in (π/2, π). Has vertical asymptotes at θ = π/2 and 3π/2. Discontinuous.

Key Concepts

An angle is formed by rotatingA degree (°) measures an angleWhen an angle θ (in radians)A unit circle (radius = 1)Since (x

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Trigonometric Functions - I for NIOS Class 12 Mathematics?
Key topics in Trigonometric Functions - I include Circular Measure of Angles: Degrees and Radians, Trigonometric Functions Using the Unit Circle, Trigonometric Values of Standard Angles, Graphs of Trigonometric Functions. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the NIOS Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Trigonometric Functions - I for the NIOS Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 45 practice questions on Trigonometric Functions - I. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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