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Matter in Our Surroundings — Syllabus

Punjab Board · Class 9 · Science

What Matter in Our Surroundings covers in Punjab Board Class 9 Science: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Topics include Physical Nature of Matter.

45 questions40 flashcards2 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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A comparison showing the diffusion of ink and honey in water over time, highlighting that particles are continuously moving and diffusion rate varies.
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4 Topics · Punjab Board Class 9 Science · 2026-27

Topics in Matter in Our Surroundings

1

Physical Nature of Matter

  • Matter is made up of tiny particles that are too small to see with the naked eye.
  • When salt or sugar dissolves in water, it shows that particles of matter have spaces between them – the dissolved particles fit into these spaces.
  • The potassium permanganate experiment proves particles are incredibly small: just a few crystals can colour hundreds of litres of water.
2

Characteristics of Particles of Matter

  • Characteristic 1 – Particles have spaces between them: Demonstrated by dissolving salt/sugar in water without increasing the water level significantly.
  • Characteristic 2 – Particles are continuously moving (possess kinetic energy): Demonstrated by diffusion of ink in water, smell of incense stick, and mixing of copper sulphate in hot/cold water.
  • Characteristic 3 – Particles attract each other: The force of attraction between particles varies from substance to substance. Iron has a stronger force of attraction than rubber or chalk.
3

States of Matter – Solid, Liquid, and Gas

  • SOLID STATE: Definite shape, definite volume, rigid, negligible compressibility. Particles are closely packed with very strong forces of attraction. They vibrate but cannot move freely.
  • LIQUID STATE: No fixed shape (takes shape of container), definite volume, can flow (fluid), low compressibility. Particles have more space and weaker forces than solids.
  • GASEOUS STATE: No fixed shape, no fixed volume, highly compressible, flows easily, diffuses very fast. Particles move randomly at high speed with very weak forces of attraction.
4

Change of State of Matter

  • Matter can change state by changing temperature or pressure.
  • Melting (Fusion): Solid → Liquid. Melting point of ice = 273.15 K (0°C).
  • Boiling (Vaporisation): Liquid → Gas. Boiling point of water = 373 K (100°C).

Key Concepts

Matter is any substance that hasMatter is composed of extremely smallParticles of matter have three keyDiffusion is the process where particlesSolids have definite shape

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Matter in Our Surroundings for Punjab Board Class 9 Science?
Key topics in Matter in Our Surroundings include Physical Nature of Matter, Characteristics of Particles of Matter, States of Matter – Solid, Liquid, and Gas, Change of State of Matter. Study these first, then practise questions on each for Class 9 exams.
How should I revise Matter in Our Surroundings for Class 9 exams?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 45 practice questions on Matter in Our Surroundings. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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