The Movement for the Formation of Telangana State
Telangana Board · Class 10 · Social Studies
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1. Merger of Hyderabad state with India
- During the last phase of the freedom struggle, Hyderabad state came into focus because the Nizam was thinking of forming an independent state under his rule when the British left India.
- Eight out of sixteen districts of Hyderabad state consisted of Telugu-speaking people and were called Telangana.
- Nationalists from Hyderabad spread into villages and promoted education in Telugu, democratic government, and social equality.
2. Distinct identity of Telangana and the Gentlemen's Agreement
- There were three Telugu-speaking regions: Telangana, Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema.
- The Telangana language drew from an inclusive folk tradition including tribal languages, Deccani Urdu, Kannada and Marathi, while Coastal Andhra's language was more influenced by Sanskrit.
- Coastal Andhra was a plain deltaic region with well-developed canal irrigation, while Telangana was a dry plateau region dependent on rainfed agriculture.
3. 1969 agitation and its causes
- Over time, discontent grew over the non-implementation of the Gentlemen's Agreement.
- There were three main causes of discontent: diversion of surplus revenue from Telangana to other regions, discrimination in government employment, and granting domicile status to Coastal Andhra person
- The agitation began as a protest over some appointments and soon became a mass movement.
4. Jai Andhra movement and later developments
- In 1972, a counter movement started in the Seemandhra regions called Jai Andhra Movement.
- It demanded greater development of the coastal districts and the removal of Mulki rules.
- Students formed the main part of the agitation because they felt their employment opportunities were threatened.
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