National Movement in India–Partition & Independence : 1939-1947
Telangana Board · Class 10 · Social Studies
Quick revision notes for National Movement in India–Partition & Independence : 1939-1947 — Telangana Board Class 10 Social Studies. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
1. World War II and the Congress response
- When the Second World War began in 1939, most provinces in India were under Congress ministries.
- The Government of India Act, 1935 gave provinces the right to hold elections and form governments, but voting rights were very limited.
- Right to vote under the 1935 Act was limited to about 12% for provincial assemblies and 1% for the Central assembly.
2. Rise of the Muslim League and communal politics
- The Muslim League was formed in 1906 and initially represented Muslim landlords of UP.
- In 1937, the Muslim League won 102 of the 482 Muslim seats in the country.
- Congress also contested Muslim seats and won 26 of the 58 Muslim seats it contested.
3. Pakistan Resolution and the growth of separatist politics
- Mohammad Iqbal spoke in 1930 of a need for a North-West Indian Muslim state.
- Choudhry Rehmat Ali coined the name Pakistan or Pak-stan in pamphlets written between 1933 and 1935.
- The Muslim League did not take Rehmat Ali seriously at that time.
4. Quit India, Cripps Mission, and underground resistance
- In March 1942, Churchill sent Sir Stafford Cripps to India to negotiate with Gandhi and Congress.
- The Cripps Mission failed after Congress insisted that the Viceroy should first appoint an Indian as Defence Member of his Executive Council.
- After the failure of the Cripps Mission, Gandhi launched the Quit India movement in August 1942.
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