Definite Integrals
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Mathematics
Complete topic list for Definite Integrals in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Mathematics. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Definite Integrals
Definite Integral as Limit of Sum
- The definite integral ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx is defined as the limit of a sum of areas of rectangles under the curve.
- Divide the interval [a, b] into n equal parts, each of width h = (b−a)/n.
- Use left or right endpoints to evaluate function values: f(a), f(a+h), ..., f(a+(n−1)h).
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
- If F(x) is an antiderivative of f(x), then ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx = F(b) − F(a).
- This theorem connects differentiation and integration.
- It allows us to evaluate definite integrals without using limits of sums.
Properties of Definite Integrals
- ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx = −∫ᵇₐ f(x) dx
- ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx = ∫ₐᶜ f(x) dx + ∫ᶜᵇ f(x) dx for a < c < b
- ∫₀ᵃ f(x) dx = ∫₀ᵃ f(a−x) dx
Integration by Substitution
- Substitute a new variable to simplify the integrand.
- Change the limits of integration according to the substitution.
- Integrate with respect to the new variable and evaluate directly.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Definite Integrals
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