Permutations and Combinations
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Mathematics
Complete topic list for Permutations and Combinations in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Mathematics. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Permutations and Combinations
Fundamental Principle of Counting
- If one event can occur in 'm' ways and a second event can occur in 'n' ways after the first, then both events together can occur in m × n ways.
- This principle can be extended to more than two events.
- Used to find total number of outcomes without listing them all.
Factorial Notation and Permutations
- Factorial of a number n is the product of all positive integers from 1 to n.
- Permutation means arrangement of objects where order matters.
- Number of permutations of n different objects taken all at a time is n!.
Combinations
- Combination means selection of objects where order does not matter.
- Number of combinations of r objects out of n is denoted by nCr.
- Each combination corresponds to multiple permutations.
Special Cases and Applications
- Circular permutations: Arranging objects in a circle where rotations are considered same.
- When clockwise and anticlockwise arrangements are identical (like garlands), divide by 2.
- Permutations with restrictions: Handle special conditions first.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Permutations and Combinations
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