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Origin and Development of Sociology — Syllabus

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Sociology

What Origin and Development of Sociology covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Sociology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

44 questions25 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Sociology · 2026-27

Topics in Origin and Development of Sociology

1

The Enlightenment Period

  • The Enlightenment (14th to 18th century) emphasized reason, critical thinking, and observation over religious or divine explanations.
  • Thinkers began to question traditional authority and sought rational explanations for social and natural phenomena.
  • Philosophers like Montesquieu and David Hume contributed to social thought by promoting empirical observation.
2

The French Revolution

  • The French Revolution (1789) was a major turning point in modern history.
  • It challenged monarchy and divine right, promoting ideas like liberty, equality, and fraternity.
  • It led to a shift in social thought — people began questioning traditional authority and seeking knowledge based on evidence.
3

New Philosophy – Science and Positivism

  • Science replaced religious and metaphysical explanations with evidence-based knowledge.
  • Empiricism emphasized knowledge gained through observation and experience.
  • Positivism, developed by Auguste Comte, applied scientific methods to study society.
4

Industrial Revolution

  • The Industrial Revolution involved the shift from hand production to machine-based factories powered by steam.
  • Factories brought workers from villages to cities, leading to urbanization.
  • It caused new social problems like unemployment, poverty, crime, and alcoholism.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Sociology

Enlightenment PeriodFrench RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionScience and PositivismAuguste ComteDefinitions of SociologySocial Thought Before Sociology

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Origin and Development of Sociology for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Sociology?
Key topics in Origin and Development of Sociology include The Enlightenment Period, The French Revolution, New Philosophy – Science and Positivism, Industrial Revolution. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Origin and Development of Sociology for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 44 practice questions on Origin and Development of Sociology. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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