Constitution Why And How — NCERT Solutions

A country needs a clear demarcation of powers and responsibilities in the Constitution because it must be clear who gets to decide what. This creates coordination, avoids confusion, and helps the government function smoothly.

In the absence of such a demarcation:

• there would be uncertainty about authority,
• different organs could clash over powers,
• government work would become disorganised,
• citizens would not know whom to hold responsible.

A constitution must place limitations on the rulers because mere power is not enough; the government may otherwise pass unfair, discriminatory, or arbitrary laws. These limits protect citizens from abuse and secure fundamental rights like freedom of speech, conscience, association, and protection from arbitrary arrest.

No, a constitution cannot be meaningful if it gives no power at all to citizens. The chapter says a successful constitution must give everyone some reason to go along with it. Citizens need at least some rights, freedoms, and participation in the political system; otherwise the constitution would not command allegiance.

Yes, there is a problem. If a constitution is made while an external power is in control, it may not express the sovereign will of the people. It can become a document imposed from outside, so its authority and legitimacy are weak.

The Indian experience was different because:

• the Constitution was made by a Constituent Assembly with broad representation,
• it was backed by the nationalist movement,
• the members deliberated through public reason and debate,
• it was not made under foreign occupation or direct coercion.

I would answer Rajat that the Constitution is not an outdated book to be ignored. It is the basic law that:

• creates the government,
• defines its powers,
• protects citizens' rights, and
• reflects the shared values of the nation.

No one needs to have given individual consent for it to be valid, because it was made by a representative Constituent Assembly and accepted by the people through obedience and practice. Even if the language is difficult, the Constitution is still important because it governs public life, democracy, and justice. We should study it and understand it rather than reject it.

I agree most with Nazima.

• Harbans is right that the Indian Constitution has succeeded in giving us a framework of democratic government.
• Neha is too harsh, because a constitution does not magically make society perfect; it provides the framework and the principles for achieving liberty, equality and fraternity.
• Nazima is closest to the chapter's view: the Constitution has not failed; rather, we have to work to realise its promises.

So my position is that the Constitution is a successful and living document, but its ideals need continued effort from society and government.