Rights In The Indian Constitution

- A Bill of Rights lays down the rights enjoyed by the people of a country, so (a) True.
- It protects the liberties of an individual, so (b) True.
- Not every country has a Bill of Rights, so (c) False.
- The Constitution does guarantee a remedy against violation of rights through Right to Constitutional Remedies, so (d) True.

Fundamental Rights are those rights that are specially listed and protected by the Constitution. Ordinary legal rights are protected by ordinary law, but Fundamental Rights have constitutional protection. So the best description is option (c).

a) This violates the Right to Equality and Equality of opportunity in public employment. Women are being treated differently from men for the same reason of weight gain, so it is gender discrimination.

b) This uses the Right to Freedom of speech and expression. A documentary criticising government policy is protected speech, as long as it does not violate reasonable restrictions.

c) This uses the Right to Freedom—especially the right to assemble peacefully and to move freely—because the people are protesting for rehabilitation. It is also linked to the Right to life and personal liberty and the need for fair treatment of displaced people.

d) This uses the Cultural and Educational Rights. A Telugu-speaking community outside Andhra Pradesh can open and run Telugu-medium schools to preserve its language and culture.

The chapter says that minorities have the right to establish educational institutions so that they can preserve and develop their culture. Among the given statements, option (c) matches this idea best. The other options are either too restrictive or incorrect.

The acts described are violations of the Right against Exploitation.

- Not paying minimum wages violates the ban on forced labour/begar.
- Banning a book violates the Right to Freedom of speech and expression because expression cannot be restricted without valid reasons.
- Banning loudspeakers after 9 pm is generally a reasonable restriction in the interest of peace and public order, so it is not necessarily a violation.
- Making a speech is an exercise of the Right to Freedom of speech and expression, so it is not a violation.