Shadow Story (Togalu) (2D Shapes)

Yes! We can see the shadow of our own body, a tree, a dog, a cow, and many other animals and objects around us. A shadow is formed when an object blocks light.

We see a shadow when there is a source of light (like the Sun or a torch) and an object comes in the path of that light. The object blocks the light and a dark shape — called a shadow — is formed behind it.

A shadow vanishes when there is no light, i.e., in complete darkness, or when the object is removed from the path of light. For example, at night without any light source, we cannot see shadows.

Yes, the size of the shadow changes when we change the position of the torch.
- When the torch is held very close to the object, the shadow becomes bigger (larger).
- When the torch is moved farther away from the object, the shadow becomes smaller.
- The angle of the torch also changes the shape and length of the shadow.

Our shadow is longest in the early morning (just after sunrise) and in the late evening (just before sunset). This is because the Sun is at a low angle in the sky at these times, so the shadow stretches out very long.

Our shadow is shortest at noon (around 12 o'clock in the afternoon). This is because the Sun is directly overhead at noon, so the shadow falls almost directly below us and appears very short.

Activity: Place the object flat on a paper. Hold it firmly with one hand and use a pencil to trace around its outline with the other hand. Lift the object to see the traced shape.
- Eraser → Rectangle
- Leaf → Oval / Leaf shape
- Matchbox → Rectangle
- Coin → Circle
- Pencil colour (end) → Circle

Activity: After tracing the objects, the shapes obtained are:
- Eraser → Rectangle $\square$
- Coin / Bottle cap → Circle $\bigcirc$
- Matchbox → Rectangle $\square$
- Leaf → Oval / irregular curved shape
- Triangular piece → Triangle $\triangle$

Draw these shapes in the space provided in your book.

A bottle cap gives a circular trace. Objects that have the same circular trace include:
1. Coin
2. Bangle
3. Round clock
4. CD / DVD
5. Button

All these objects, when traced, give a circle $\bigcirc$.

An eraser (rectangular eraser) gives a rectangular trace. Objects that have the same rectangular trace include:
1. Matchbox
2. Book / Notebook
3. Postcard
4. Brick
5. Mobile phone

All these objects, when traced, give a rectangle $\square$.

A circle is a round shape with no corners and no straight edges. Objects that are circular (round) in shape include:
- Clock ✓ (already given)
- Ball ✓ (already given)
- Coin
- Bangle

So, Circle can hide in the clock, ball, coin, bangle.

A rectangle has 4 sides and 4 corners with opposite sides equal. Objects that are rectangular in shape include:
- Shoe box ✓ (already given)
- Photo frame ✓ (already given)
- Book / Notebook
- Door

So, Rectangle can hide in the shoe box, photo frame, book, door.

A triangle has 3 sides and 3 corners. Objects that are triangular in shape include:
- A slice of pizza
- A set square (ruler)
- A triangular flag / bunting
- A piece of samosa

So, Triangle can hide in a set square and a triangular flag.

A square has 4 equal sides and 4 corners. Objects that are square in shape include:
- Handkerchief
- Chessboard
- Bread slice
- Carrom board

So, Square can hide in a handkerchief and a chessboard.

Activity Instructions:
- Look at the carpet design carefully.
- Identify all triangles (3 sides, 3 corners) → colour them red.
- Identify all circles (round, no corners) → colour them green.
- Identify all rectangles (4 sides, opposite sides equal) → colour them yellow.
- Identify all squares (4 equal sides) → colour them blue.

Complete the colouring in your book accordingly.

Activity:
1. Draw a design using circles $\bigcirc$, triangles $\triangle$, squares $\square$, and rectangles $\square$ on the blank space provided.
2. You can arrange them in a repeating pattern, e.g., circle–triangle–square–rectangle–circle…
3. Colour each shape with your favourite colours.

This is a creative activity — there is no single correct answer. Be creative and have fun!

Given: Children are running around a rectangular table. A rectangular table has 4 corners.

Based on the picture description, the children standing at the corners of the table are the ones who are safe. (Since the image is not fully visible, the expected answer based on the activity is:)

The children standing near the corners of the table are safe and will not be out. Their names are those shown at the four corner positions in the picture — for example, Naveen's friends who managed to reach a corner when the clapping stopped.

The child who is not at a corner when the clapping stops will be out, and that child will clap next.

Based on the picture, the child who is standing in the middle of a side (not at a corner) will be out and will clap next. (Refer to the picture in your book to identify the name of that child — it is the child standing along the edge, not at a corner.)

Based on the picture in the book, Wasim is standing in the middle of one side of the table (not at a corner). This means Wasim is the one who will be out and will clap next.

No, this game cannot be played around a round table.

Reason: A round (circular) table has no corners at all. The game is called 'Catch the Corner' and the rule is that players must stand at a corner to be safe. Since a round table has no corners, no one can be safe or out — the game cannot be played.

Objects around us that have straight edges include:
1. Book / Notebook
2. Ruler
3. Table
4. Door
5. Window
6. Blackboard / Whiteboard
7. Matchbox
8. Brick

All these objects have sides that are straight lines.

Objects around us that have curved edges include:
1. Ball
2. Coin
3. Bangle
4. Plate
5. Clock (round)
6. Wheel
7. Orange / Apple
8. Egg

All these objects have edges or boundaries that are curved (not straight).

Objects with curved edges (like a circle or a ball) have 0 (zero) corners.

A corner is formed where two straight edges meet. Since curved-edge objects have no straight edges meeting at a point, they have no corners.

$$\text{Number of corners} = 0$$

Some objects have both straight and curved edges. Examples include:
1. Semi-circle — one straight edge and one curved edge
2. A door with a curved top (arch) — straight sides and curved top
3. A protractor — one straight edge and one curved edge
4. A leaf — curved edges with a straight midrib

These shapes/objects combine both types of edges.

A square has:
- 4 corners (the four points where edges meet)
- 4 edges (the four straight sides)

$$\text{Corners} = 4, \quad \text{Edges} = 4$$

Correct answer: (iii) Triangle $\triangle$

Explanation: When we fold a square piece of paper in half by joining two opposite corners (diagonally), we get a triangle. The fold creates a diagonal, dividing the square into two equal triangles.

A triangle has:
- 3 corners
- 3 edges (3 straight sides)

$$\text{Corners} = 3, \quad \text{Edges} = 3$$

When we fold the two corners of the triangle inward to make two smaller triangles (the dog's ears), the resulting shape still has corners. The folded shape (dog's head) has 3 corners visible at the top (the two ear-tips and the bottom point).

$$\text{Number of corners} = 3$$

Yes! When we fold a square sheet in half (by bringing one edge to meet the opposite edge), we get a rectangle — a shape with 4 sides.

A rectangle has 4 corners.

$$\text{Number of sides} = 4, \quad \text{Number of corners} = 4$$

Pattern rule: The arrows alternate between Up (↑) and Down (↓).

$$\uparrow \downarrow \uparrow \downarrow \uparrow \downarrow \uparrow \downarrow \uparrow \downarrow$$

The pattern continues as: ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓

Pattern rule: Each pair moves one letter forward in the alphabet.
$$AB, \ BC, \ CD, \ DE, \ EF, \ FG$$

The next terms are: DE, EF, FG

Pattern rule: The letters increase by one each time (A, B, C, D, E, F…).

The pattern continues with the next letters of the alphabet: F, G, H…

(This is a creative/musical pattern activity — extend by continuing the alphabetical sequence.)

Given: Kikku starts at tile 1 and jumps to tile 4.

Pattern rule: Each jump adds $4 - 1 = 3$, so Kikku jumps 3 tiles each time.

$$1, \ 4, \ 7, \ 10, \ 13, \ 16, \ 19$$

The missing numbers are: 7, 10, 13, 16, 19

Given: Kikku's mother starts at tile 1, then jumps to 6, then 11.

Pattern rule: Each jump adds $6 - 1 = 5$, so she jumps 5 tiles each time.

$$1, \ 6, \ 11, \ 16, \ 21, \ 26, \ 31, \ 36$$

The missing numbers are: 16, 21, 26, 31, 36

Pattern rule: Each number increases by $5$.

$$5, \ 10, \ 15, \ 20, \ 25, \ 30, \ 35, \ 40$$

The missing numbers are: 20, 25, 30, 35, 40

Pattern rule: Each number increases by $7$.

$$7, \ 14, \ 21, \ 28, \ 35, \ 42, \ 49, \ 56$$

The missing numbers are: 28, 35, 42, 49, 56

Pattern rule: Each number increases by $7 - 1 = 6$.

$$1, \ 7, \ 13, \ 19, \ 25, \ 31, \ 37, \ 43$$

The missing numbers are: 19, 25, 31, 37, 43