Constitution of the Earth's Interior — Flashcards
Gujarat Board · Class 11 · Geography
20 flashcards for Constitution of the Earth's Interior (Gujarat Board Class 11 Geography) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is the distance from Earth's surface to its center?
Answer
Approximately 6370 km. This makes direct observation of Earth's interior impossible, which is why we rely on indirect methods to study its structure.
Name the two direct sources of information about Earth's interior.
Answer
1. Deep mines and oil wells (like the Robinson mine in South Africa, 4 km deep) 2. Material ejected during volcanic eruptions (magma that can be studied in laboratories)…
What is Earth's average density and why is this significant?
Answer
Earth's average density is 5.5 gm/cm³, while surface rocks have density of only 2.7 gm/cm³. This proves that Earth's interior must be much denser than the surface, estimated at 11-12 gm/cm³ in the cor…
Explain the temperature gradient in Earth's interior.
Answer
Temperature increases by 1°C for every 32 meters of depth. At this rate, Earth's core temperature is estimated to be over 6000°C. Evidence includes hot springs, geysers, and volcanic eruptions.
How do meteors provide information about Earth's interior?
Answer
Meteors contain heavy metals like iron and nickel. Since Earth and meteors are both members of the solar system formed from similar materials, meteors suggest that Earth's core also contains heavy met…
What are the three types of seismic waves and their characteristics?
Answer
1. P-Waves (Primary waves) - fastest, travel through solids and liquids 2. S-Waves (Secondary waves) - slower, travel only through solids 3. L-Waves (Surface waves) - slowest, travel along Earth's sur…
Name the three main divisions of Earth's interior from surface to center.
Answer
1. Lithosphere (outermost layer/crust) 2. Mantle (middle layer) 3. Core (innermost layer, subdivided into outer core and inner core)…
What is the lithosphere and what is its average thickness?
Answer
The lithosphere is Earth's outermost solid layer composed of soil and rocks, also called the crust. Average thickness is 33 km - about 30 km under continents and 5 km under oceans. It's thickest under…
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