Earthquake and Volcanoes — Flashcards
Gujarat Board · Class 11 · Geography
20 flashcards for Earthquake and Volcanoes (Gujarat Board Class 11 Geography) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What are sudden earth movements?
Answer
Earth movements experienced due to sudden changes in heat and pressure in the interior. They include processes of volcanism and earthquakes. These occur rapidly and bring changes in regions of weak ge…
Define earthquake according to Arthur Holmes.
Answer
Wave-like vibrations that arise from disturbance in rocks within the interior of earth. These waves spread in all directions from the point of disturbance, similar to circular ripples when a stone is …
What is the difference between Focus and Epicentre?
Answer
Focus: The place from where seismic waves originate (60-700 km deep). Epicentre: The place on Earth's surface exactly above the focus where seismic waves reach first. The most disastrous effects are e…
Classify earthquakes based on depth of focus.
Answer
1. Shallow Earthquake: Focus up to 60 km depth 2. Interim Earthquake: Focus between 60-250 km depth 3. Deep Earthquake: Focus between 250-700 km depth…
What is Seismology and what instrument is used to study earthquakes?
Answer
Seismology is the science that studies earthquakes (from Greek word 'Seismos' meaning earthquake). Seismograph is the instrument used to record earthquake intensity and origin point. It has a hanging …
Describe the characteristics of Primary Waves (P-Waves).
Answer
P-Waves have the highest speed (8-14 km/sec in core), are first to be recorded, can pass through both liquid and solid mediums. Speed decreases in liquid medium. Also called longitudinal waves. They a…
What are the characteristics of Secondary Waves (S-Waves)?
Answer
S-Waves have lower speed than P-waves, can pass through only solid medium, particles move perpendicular to wave direction (like light waves). They cannot pass through liquid medium and penetrate to gr…
Why are Surface Waves (L-Waves) the most destructive?
Answer
L-Waves spread over Earth's surface at 3 km/sec, are most destructive and cause earthquake damage. They are similar to water ripples. When they enter sea, they generate tsunami waves. They cannot pass…
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