Landforms

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When under the influence of natural forces, a part of the Earth's surface assumes a specific shape, slope and height, it is known as a 'Landform'. Examples include mountain ranges, plains, plateaus, g…

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First order: Continents and oceans (formed by earth movements). Second order: Mountains, plateaus, plains, rift valleys (formed by internal forces). Third order: V or U-shaped valleys, waterfalls, san…

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A landform with an altitude of more than 900 m above sea level, uneven slopes and narrow summits is known as a mountain. Altitude is the main characteristic of mountain. However, height alone is not t…

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Fold mountains form when compressional force acts horizontally on sedimentary rocks in geosynclines, creating folds that get uplifted. Old fold mountains (formed crores of years ago): Appalachians, Ur…

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Block mountains form when a land block between two vertical faults is uplifted, or remains stationary while surrounding blocks subside. Examples: Vosges and Black Forest (either side of Rhine rift val…

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Volcanic mountains form when lava, ash, and rock fragments ejected during volcanic eruptions accumulate around the vent forming a cone-shaped heap. They are mountains of accumulation. Examples: Vesuvi…

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A landform more than 180 m above mean sea level with a flat top and at least one side with very steep slope is known as a plateau. Plateaus occupy 33% of the area of continents. Some scholars use the …

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A plateau surrounded from all sides by mountains is known as an intermontane plateau. They form when the middle portion of a geosyncline is raised without developing folds while fold mountains form on…