Rocks, Mineral and Soil — Flashcards
Gujarat Board · Class 11 · Geography
22 flashcards for Rocks, Mineral and Soil (Gujarat Board Class 11 Geography) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is the lithosphere and why is it also called the rocksphere?
Answer
The lithosphere is the outer solid layer of the Earth's crust made up of solid matter. It is also called the rocksphere because it is composed entirely of rocks. This layer forms the foundation of con…
Define rock and explain its basic composition.
Answer
A rock is a combination of one or more minerals. It is solid matter that forms the Earth's crust and is made up of different mineral components bound together through various geological processes.
What are the three basic types of rocks based on their formation process?
Answer
The three basic types of rocks are: 1) Igneous rocks - formed from cooling of magma/lava, 2) Sedimentary rocks - formed from deposition and compression of rock fragments, 3) Metamorphic rocks - formed…
Why are igneous rocks also called primary rocks? Give the meaning of 'igneous'.
Answer
Igneous rocks are called primary rocks because they were the first rocks to form on Earth. The word 'igneous' means 'made of fire', referring to their formation from hot molten magma that cools and so…
Compare plutonic and extrusive igneous rocks in terms of formation and crystal size.
Answer
Plutonic igneous rocks: Form deep underground from slow cooling of magma, have large crystals due to slow cooling, example - Granite. Extrusive igneous rocks: Form on Earth's surface from rapid coolin…
What are hypabyssal igneous rocks and what forms do they take?
Answer
Hypabyssal igneous rocks form when magma solidifies between the Earth's surface and deep interior. They take various forms like sill (horizontal intrusion), dyke (vertical intrusion), lopolith (basin-…
Where in India can you find granite and basalt rocks?
Answer
Granite (plutonic igneous rock) is found in the plateau regions of South India, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh. Basalt (extrusive igneous rock) is found in South and Western Gujarat.
How are sedimentary rocks formed and why are they sometimes called depositional rocks?
Answer
Sedimentary rocks are formed when weathering and erosion break down igneous rocks into fragments. These fragments are transported and deposited in layers in water bodies. Over time, these layers get c…
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