Sustainable Economic Development — Syllabus
ICSE · Class 11 · Economics
What Sustainable Economic Development covers in ICSE Class 11 Economics: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the ICSE Class 11 Economics syllabus.
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Topics in Sustainable Economic Development
1. Environment: Meaning and Functions
- Environment means the totality of external forces around living beings. It includes biotic elements such as plants, animals, forests, and fisheries, and abiotic elements such as air, water, sun, land,
- Environment includes water, air, and land and the interrelationship among them, human beings, other creatures, plants, micro-organisms, and property.
- The environment performs four major functions: it supplies resources, absorbs waste, sustains life, and provides aesthetic services.
2. Current Environmental Crisis
- Environmental crisis means the worsening of the environment leading to significant welfare losses.
- Environmental crisis happens when pressure on the environment becomes too high and its carrying capacity is exceeded.
- Carrying capacity means the level of resource use and waste generation that the environment can handle without damage.
3. Global Environmental Issues
- Global warming and ozone depletion are major global environmental issues.
- Global warming refers to a rise in the average temperature of the earth's lower atmosphere due to the concentration of greenhouse gases.
- The greenhouse effect is a natural process in which heat is trapped close to the earth's surface by greenhouse gases.
4. India's Environmental Concerns
- India faces environmental concerns related to air pollution, water contamination, land degradation, deforestation, and biodiversity loss.
- India has about 17% of the world's human population and 20% of livestock population on 2.5% of the world's geographical area.
- This creates heavy pressure on land, water, forests, and other natural resources.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Sustainable Economic Development
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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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