Growth of Nationalism Swadeshi Movement

The movement's failure to involve peasants and the working class

Step 1: The chapter specifically attributes this view to Sumit Sarkar: 'Sumit Sarkar considers it as the fundamental weakness of the movement' — referring to the failure to involve peasants and workers. Step 2: The text explains that leaders never raised peasant issues like debts, evictions, forced labour, or exorbitant taxes. Step 3: Option A — the Surat split is mentioned as weakening the movement but not attributed to Sarkar as the 'fundamental' weakness. Step 4: Option C — the Hindu character causing Muslim alienation is cited as a separate cause of weakness, not identified as fundamental

To ban all public meetings and assemblies organized by Congress members

Step 1: The text lists Hamilton's three means precisely: (1) Identify princes who fund Congress and warn them; (2) Prefer non-Congress members for honours and distinctions; (3) Exercise greater control over education and textbooks. Step 2: Option A is Hamilton's second suggestion — it is mentioned in the text. Step 3: Option B is Hamilton's third suggestion — also in the text. Step 4: Option D is Hamilton's first suggestion — directly from the text. Step 5: Option C — banning public meetings — was never suggested by Hamilton in his letter. This is a fabricated option designed to test careful r

Krishna Kumar Mitra, on 13th July 1905

Step 1: The text states: 'Krishna Kumar Mitra, the editor of the journal Sanjivani in its issue of 13th July, 1905, first suggested the idea of boycott of British goods, schools and colleges founded by the government.' Step 2: Option A is wrong — Bipin Chandra Pal edited 'New India' and is associated with criticism of Moderate policy, not the first boycott suggestion. Step 3: Option B is wrong — Aurobindo Ghose wrote in 'Bande Mataram' and declared in 1907 about ending British rule, but he did not first suggest boycott. Step 4: Option D confuses the person — Lal Mohan Ghosh expressed hope in A

Jadavpur University

Step 1: The text explicitly states: 'During this time, the Bengal Technical Institute was founded. This is now known as the modern Jadavpur University.' Step 2: Option A — Presidency University evolved from Presidency College, which has a different historical origin unrelated to the Swadeshi Movement's technical education initiatives. Step 3: Option C — Calcutta University was established in 1857 and was actually attacked by Curzon's University Act of 1904; it is not the institution founded during Swadeshi. Step 4: Option D — IIT Kharagpur was established post-independence in 1951 and has no c