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Growth of Nationalism Swadeshi Movement

ICSE · Class 11 · History

Quick revision notes for Growth of Nationalism Swadeshi Movement — ICSE Class 11 History. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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Key Topics to Revise

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1. Lord Curzon and His Policies: Background to the Partition

  • Lord Curzon, a staunch imperialist, became Viceroy of India with no respect for the Indian National Congress
  • He believed the Congress was 'tottering to its fall' and wanted to assist it to a 'peaceful demise'
  • Curzon's tenure marked a shift from the sympathetic Liberal policies of earlier periods to aggressive imperialism
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2. The Partition of Bengal: Scheme, Motives, and Implementation

  • Bengal Presidency was vast, comprising Bengal proper, Bihar, Orissa, and Assam originally
  • In 1903, Risley (Secretary, Home Department) drafted a partition plan, which Curzon and Fraser supported
  • Curzon toured Assam and East Bengal in 1904 to mobilize Muslim support for the partition
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3. Anti-Partition Movement: Four to Five Phases

  • PHASE 1 (October 16-November 1905): Conventional moderate protest - hartal on October 16, symbolic acts, public meetings, memorials submitted
  • October 16 observed as day of mourning with people walking barefoot, bathing in Ganga, singing 'Banglar Mati, Banglar Jal' by Rabindranath Tagore
  • Raksha Bandhan observed between Hindus and Muslims as brotherhood symbol
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4. Constructive Components of the Swadeshi Movement

  • National Education: Satis Chandra Mukerjee founded Dawn Society for vernacular, national education
  • Aurobindo Ghose resigned from Baroda College to become Principal of National College
  • Braja Mohan College established by Aswini Kumar Dutta at Barishal provided alternative education

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Key Concepts

Lord Curzon announced the divisionBefore the partitionThe movement progressed through five phasesInitiated formally on August 7The positive aspect of the movement

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