Social Movements Struggle Against Caste

He was the first Telugu novelist, historian of Telugu poets, and translator of science into Telugu

Step 1: Veeresalingam Kandukuri was not just a social reformer but also a prolific writer who transformed Telugu literature. Step 2: The chapter states he was 'the first Telugu writer, the first Telugu novelist, the first to write a history on Telugu poets and the first Telugu writer to translate scientific books.' Step 3: These literary achievements collectively earned him the title of 'father of modern Telugu language' as he laid the foundation of modern Andhra society. Step 4: Options A and C contain facts not mentioned in the chapter and are therefore incorrect. Step 5: Option D about the

Regulation XVII of 1829

Step 1: The abolition of Sati was one of the most significant social reforms of 19th century India. Step 2: The chapter specifically states: 'on December 4, 1829, Sati was declared illegal and punishable by the criminal courts by the Regulation XVII of 1829.' Step 3: This regulation was passed under Governor-General Lord William Bentinck, who was a reformer by temperament and was convinced that Sati must be totally abolished. Step 4: Raja Rammohan Roy's prolonged campaign through anti-Sati vigilance parties, publications, and public debate greatly influenced this legislative action. Step 5: Th

Organizing a vigilance party to watch burning ghats and publishing tracts against Sati

Step 1: Raja Rammohan Roy used a combination of social activism and intellectual persuasion to fight against Sati. Step 2: The chapter states he 'organized anti-Sati vigilance party whose members kept constant watch on different burning ghats to prevent any Sati practice.' Step 3: He also 'published a number of tracts first in 1818, then in 1819, and the last in 1829 against Sati' – these were written arguments against the practice. Step 4: His journal Sambad Kaumudi was also at the forefront of this campaign. Step 5: Option A is wrong – he used peaceful methods, not armed resistance. Option C

Iswarchandra Vidyasagar

Step 1: While several reformers sympathized with the cause of widow remarriage, the chapter makes it clear that 'it was not until Pandit Iswarchandra Vidyasagar took up the cause that it became a historic and dynamic social issue, eventually succeeded in 1856.' Step 2: Vidyasagar wrote a pamphlet on widow remarriage in 1855 using shastraic evidence, organized petitions, and created widespread public debate. Step 3: His efforts led to the passing of Act XV of 1856 on July 26, legalizing widow remarriage. Step 4: Raja Rammohan Roy (Option A) did have sympathy for widows but is not known for conc